TAKING CARE OF NEWBORN KITTENS

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It is really fundamental for the newborn kitten to be in a dry and warm place. A chilled or wet kitty could die real rapidly. If you discover an abandoned kitty, the action of just containing it draw near to one's body would help to warm it. A cardboard package or almost any container with some unsoiled rags would work. If you have a heat pad or a heat lamp, utilize precaution. The kitty might overheat as well. A low setting with the kitty having plenty space to be able to move off from the heating is very important. To ward off metabolic shock the temperature of the kitten should not drop less then then approximately 94 degrees F.

Afterwards when the kitty is dry and warm, take a couple of minutes to apply the kitty a quick look over. Checkout the eyes. Are they open or do they possess pus in them or matted closed. How does the ears look? Are they unsoiled or encrusted in fleas or have wax in them? Is the kitten agile and active? Is it been active around and maybe crying out a little and becoming vocal? If the kitten is real still and non vocal, this could be a signal of distress or illness. Any of these signs would establish the kitten to require of a veterinarian.

Perhaps this is not your kitten and you do not desire to assume duty of the maintenance of the newborn kitty, please make the time to call your localized shelter or perhaps the police. They would help to get someone to come and acquire the abandoned kitten. They would verify that the kitten care is taken care of or if it's needed, and the kitty is too sick, the kitty would be put out of their misery.

If this is your kitty or if you resolve to take care of the kitty, you will need to hydrate the kitten. Some pedialyte, the same as given to humans could hydrate the kitty and preserve it from passing into shock. From the pet shops, you could buy several substitute milk or K.M.R., or it's equivalent. This is substitute milk highly-developed for newborn kitties. Don't use cow or several other type of milk. The utilization of a may help. The kitty will involve to be feed around the clock, exactly like a newborn infant. Be responsible to observe the instructions on the alternate milk. Verify with the pet storehouse or your veterinarian, they could have a guidebook for kitten care that might be very helpful.

TREATMENT OF KITTENS WITH FLEAS

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Mentioned below are a few ways to treat kitten with fleas. These remedies are easy to apply and do not consume much time.

How to Treat Kittens with Fleas

This treatment is mainly for newborn kittens with fleas. The most safe way of treating baby kittens with fleas is to bathe them in warm water and rinse their body with a detergent. The best way to bathe your kitten is by submerging the kitten in a tub of warm water with its head outside and rinsing its body with a detergent. Make sure that the water is not too hot as it might hurt the kitten. Bathing the kitten will eradicate many of the fleas. For bathing the kitten, at least two people are required. One person to hold the kitten while, the other to rinse its body with the detergent. Dip a towel in the detergent water and wipe the parts which were outside the water, with this towel. This will ensure that the fleas present all over the body are eradicated. If still, there are any fleas on the body then you can remove them manually.

After you remove them manually, place them in hot or soapy water so that they do not fly and spread. After washing the kittens body, comb its hair with a flea comb. This flea comb is inexpensive and is easily available in the market. This comb will remove all the fleas. Apply cold cream at the edges of the teeth of the comb so that while combing, the fleas do not fly away and are stuck to the comb. After combing the kitten, allow it to dry in a room. For kittens older than eight weeks, you can use top spot flea products. Using these products as treatment for kittens with fleas will kill the fleas within two hours.

After you remove the fleas by opting for any of the above methods, make sure that the fleas are eradicated from the kitten's environment as well. Else, there are large chances of the fleas attacking the kitten again. Since the kittens are young, it is best to take them to a veterinary doctor in order to avoid side effects. Avoid the usage of flea collars as they might prove to be toxic for the kittens.

I am sure the above home remedies for kittens with fleas must have solved your question about what to do for kittens with fleas. A plastic band containing insecticide could be wrapped around the cat. This can prove to be useful in killing many of the fleas.

BEE HIVE REMOVAL

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It should be noted that at the very first sighting of bees, you need not get into damage control mode.Bees are known to travel long distances in search of food. The first step you can undertake is to check how many bees can you spot. If they are just a couple of them, then you do not have anything to worry about. However, one of the important bee removal tips is to keep a watch to check if no more bees have made their way in your vicinity, as in some cases they can also be scouts, scouting for new location to build a hive. We will now see some easy to follow bee removal tips.

Bee Removal Tips and Techniques

The first of the bees removal tips is to see if there is a particular area where you see a lot of bee activity. When you are doing this be careful and keep yourself safe from bee stings. Many a times, if bees do not find an appropriate place on trees, they make use of scissure in the walls or any gap they come across. One has to take special care against honey bees, as once they make a colony, it stays there permanently. When one has to get rid of bees, it is not just about spraying insecticide or pesticide. There are many more steps which you will have to take for pest control. Here are some effective bee removal tips.
  • The first step for bee hive removal is to wear clothes in layers. All parts of the body should be covered when you are going anywhere close to a bee hive. The best way of dressing is to tuck shirts into the pants and pants into the socks. Cover your feet with shoes and hands into gloves. If you have a hat, scarf and face mask handy, do not forget to make use of all of them either.
  • The next step is to spray the bees with insecticide. Regular household insecticide will not prove to be beneficial for the same. You will have to ensure you have the right insecticide for bee removal. Spray insecticide at the entrance of the hive as well as on the hive itself. This will ensure that all bees moving in or out of the hive are killed. This process will eventually exterminate all bees altogether.
  • After most of the bees have been killed, smoke the area around the hive to kill any more bees present in the hives. Let the smoke stay for a considerable amount of time. This will ensure any bee, which was out in search of food and has come back to the hive, is killed as well. If the hive is located near wood, then take care you do not burn the area around the hive.
  • After you are sure that all the bees have been killed, walk up to the hive, all covered, and remove the hive. Either throw the hive at a far away distance or burn it completely. According to me, burning it is the best option.
  • Now that all bees have been removed, the next step is a precautionary measure so that no more bees come to the same area. Remember bees have a smell sense which they use. Hence, take measures to get rid of the scent from the area. This will ensure no more hives are built in the same area. If there are traces of the hive at the spot, you may want to burn it or remove it and spray it with insecticide.

CREATING BUTTERFLY GARDEN

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Butterfly gardening works on a simple rule - butterflies feed on nectar and hence providing lots of nectar producing flowers will attract the butterflies to your garden. In addition to this, the butterflies are very specific about the plants on which they lay their eggs, and hence if you wish to multiply the butterfly population, you must provide the butterflies with enough host plants to lay the eggs on. Identifying a butterfly species will help you to find out their host plants and can help you expand your butterfly garden.

If you thought butterfly gardening is a process that involves trapping butterflies in a closed atmosphere then you are wrong. Butterfly gardening is actually a very healthy way to support the propagation of butterflies by making specialized flowerbeds and inviting the butterflies to make it their dwelling. Creating a butterfly garden is known to maximize the butterfly diversity and abundance and helps to conserve rare and endangered species and promotes environmental education.

While setting up a butterfly garden you should plan it in such a way that there are blooms all year round to entice the butterflies throughout the year. For spring flowers you can choose rhododendrons, azaleas and lilacs, while summer blooming plants can include the buddleias and asclepias and when the fall arrives, the butterflies can enjoy the asters and autumn joy sedum. Butterfly Milkweed is also great for attracting butterflies as well as for feeding the caterpillars. In order to identify butterfly species and their compatible flowers and host plants, you can always refer to relevant books or even try and search the web resources to find out more information.

While setting up a butterfly garden you should always remember that since butterflies are cold blooded and hence require warmth which they acquire by basking in the sunlight hence if you are planning to set up a butterfly garden choose an area that has abundant sunlight. Butterflies cannot sustain strong gusts of winds and hence prefer areas that are adequately protected from strong winds, hence pick an area that is not very windy or else add a protective fence, wall, or a hedge, which will ensure your butterfly garden, is safe from the strong winds.

TRAINING PARROTS

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I'm going to discuss a little about why you really need to train your parrot, how birds think and what you should do if you have a bird that screams, bites or is just plain afraid of you.

So what is Parrot Training

Parrot training is the ongoing process of engaging and interacting with your bird. It enables you to develop a relationship with your bird, making him happy and receptive to you and everybody in the family. It's the reason you have him in the first place, right? Bird training is important also because it allows you accomplish four very important things necessary to have a well rounded bird.

Training your bird allows you to achieve.
  • Trust
  • Dominance
  • Obedience
  • Affection
The first thing you have to do is gain your birds trust. Without your birds trust you won't get very far. It should be your first objective because it's the foundation on which you will build everything else.

Gaining dominance over your bird is just as vital. Any animal will take a dominant position over you if you let them, it's just instinct. So you have to gain your birds trust and at the same time take a position of authority because after all, you're the boss.

Once you are in control of a bird who trusts you the rest will follow naturally. Your bird will understand that you are the "flock" leader and you are in control. He will look up to you and automatically become more loving and affectionate because he will thrive on your attention, love and approval.

When To Train A Parrot

It's important to train your bird as early as possible so if you have a baby bird, 5-7 months, then thats the time to get started. It will be a lot easier if you do since this will result in a well adjusted bird who is friendly, sociable and seldom screams for long periods of time.

Everybody loves a well behaved bird and by training him you will be able to enjoy him more and he will love you for it. Any bird can be trained it's simply a matter of strategy and your desire to stick with it.

An older bird may be more of a challenge, depending on ownership history, but they can still be successfully socialized as well. It may just take a little more time.

Pyscho Parrot

What do parrots think about? By understanding how your bird thinks you will be better able to deal with what might seem like abnormal behavior. For instance, parrots are very loud at times and this is only because thats how they communicate, it's not because he just like to scream and make trouble. In the wild, birds talk to their partners through loud vocals. Think about it, YOU are your birds partner. Is he talking to you?

But here's another thing. If your parrot doesn't have the proper amount of food and water he just might be a screamer. Maybe he doesn't have any toys top play with or maybe he feels cramped up in a small cage. Is he sick or injured?

Make sure your birds basic and essential needs are taken care of first. Then look for other outside stimulus that may be agitating him. This is necessary and will also help the training process.

How To Train a Parrot

Repetitious training is a common method of training. Start with this technique. The process simply involves selecting one task or reaction you want to teach your bird. Make sure conditions are right and initiate the action. Then, you either reward or don't reward your bird based on whether he got it right or not.

It's hard to train a nervous or scary bird at first so you have to spend enough time with your parrot and get him to the point where he's comfortable and not afraid.

If your bird is afraid then you have some work to do first. Approach him slowly but back off at the first sign your bird becomes anxious. Don't move, simply slowly back off. He needs to understand that you're not there to hurt him. This is actually training and this is the first step. So do it over and over and you will eventually get closer and closer.

In time you will get closer and eventually open up the cage. Then you will be ready to move on to the up and down command. Eventually you will move on to more advanced training and ultimately bird tricks. You have to start somewhere so the sooner you start the better obviously.

Good Parrot Bad Parrot

Parrot training is essential if you want a "Good Bird". Don't be a "Bad Owner", train your bird. Don't forget, Parrots need to be trained if you want their trust, obedience and affection. And, it's the only way they can become happy family members who can play well with others without screaming or biting all the time.

PET PARROTS

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Like dogs, you need to make sure that parrots get proper love, care and attention, so that both you and the parrot can live happily with each other.

Points to Keep In Mind Before Keeping Parrots as Pets

Are parrots the ideal pet for you and your family? Is your house the right house to keep parrots as pets? Will your lifestyle give you a chance to take proper care of the parrot? You probably never thought of giving it such a detailed thought, right? But, yes, these are some of the main factors that you should keep in mind before deciding if parrots are meant for you or not. Below mentioned are some such points.

Space
Your house should have enough space for the parrot. The amount of space also depends upon the parrot type you are planning to keep as pet. The cage should be spacious enough for the parrot to move around in comfort, along with having a play stand! Parrots like macaw require huge spaces, whereas parrots like cockatiel do not require much room.

Environment
The environment of your house should be ideal to keep a parrot. This means that if there are other pets in your house, like a cat, snake, dog, etc, keeping a pet parrot wouldn't be such a good idea as he may end up becoming the meal of your pets. Also, if you have small kids at home, keeping large parrots may prove to be risky as they may bite and even break the little ones' fingers!

Commitment
Remember I said that keeping parrots as pets, is something more than just a desire! Parrots can be happy only if they have an owner who commits himself to them. They need attention, they need love, and they need to be with someone who can provide them with all this, apart from the basic necessities! If parrots are not given proper care and attention, they may end up showing behavioral symptoms like feather picking and may fall ill! Parrots love to play and therefore need to spend a lot of time outside the cage! Is your house ideal to meet these criteria?

Maintenance
Providing your parrots with seeds and fruits is not enough. Parrots are very messy birds. Their cage needs to be cleaned almost every now and then. Apart from this, expenses like getting a cage, food, payment of vets, etc. also come into play. If you are not ready for all these responsibilities, then it would be advisable not to go for keeping parrots as pets. For a low-maintenance option though, you could go for parakeets as pets.

Choosing a Parrot

It is only after giving a deep thought to the above mentioned points, that one should decide to keep parrots as pets. According to your choice and suitability, the next step is to choose which type of parrot would be most suitable for your house! Some parrots are noisy and tend to make noise all the time. They get up when the sun rises and go to sleep when it's dark. Would you be okay with that? Most people keep parrots as pets because of their wonderful personality! Especially their intelligent art of mimicking! Below is a list of some of the most preferred parrots as pets, and what qualities would make them an ideal choice for your house. Have a look.

Quaker Parrots as Pets

Also known as the Monk Parrots, these parrots have amazing talking abilities and can make an excellent pet. They originate from South America and are approximately 30cms in length. Although, when it comes to keeping these parrots as pets, you must know that they are not compatible with other species. So don't get them if you have other pets in your house! These parrots are excellent companions and can live for up to 25-30 years if given proper love and care. They like socializing with their owner and are quite dominant in behavior. Therefore, proper training is a must for these parrots. They usually feed on seeds and fruits, and are extremely energetic and playful.

Amazon Parrots as Pets

These parrots are absolutely lovely and socializing parrots! The Amazon parrot species are known for there loyal and affectionate nature. Originated from South America, these parrots have excellent talking abilities and tend to be very noisy! But the best part is that these parrots can be easily trained. They can be extremely loyal and affectionate to someone who gives them enough time and love. They can be up to 40 cm in height and mix well with other types of parrots. If taken proper care, they can live for up to 60 years!

African Grey Parrots as Pets

 African gray parrot is not only known for its talking abilities, but it is one of the most intelligent parrot types! If one wishes to keep them as pets, they should be ready to show some patience and a lot of commitment towards these parrots. The African Grey parrots tend to become easily bored and therefore must be engaged in some activities. If not under a person who is well qualified to handle these birds, the African Grey parrots may develop behavioral problems like feather picking, chewing up things, etc. They are up to 45 cm in size and have an average lifespan of 40-60 years! And yes, they gel along very well with the next parrot on our list. Keep reading.

Eclectus Parrots as Pets

The reason why Eclectus parrots go well with the African Grey is because both of them are known for their high intelligence. They are very inquisitive in nature which makes them an excellent communicator with us humans. When keeping Eclectus parrots as pets you have to be like they want you to be. They believe in sharing and caring, the lack of which can make them prone to develop behavioral problems like feather picking and chewing up anything that comes their way! They need to be a part of your life actively. It is only when they are properly taken care of that they tend to live for almost 50 long years! Even if you keep this parrot with some other parrot, you however, should not deviate your attention from this one. Care for them and love them. Share your life with them, and they will prove to be the best of companions you can ever have!

NATURE OF CATS

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Personality and Socialization
Though cats are solitary creatures, they are not completely loners. Young kittens do not have a developed sense for personal space or territoriality. They'll snuggle in a ball with themselves or with mom in order to maintain normal body temperature. Conversely, they'll spread out a little if they're too hot. As they grow and their bodies develop the ability to maintain itself, they'll begin to find their own private spaces for resting or sleeping, but still play with each other. In the wild mom will stop providing food for them eventually. She'll resume protecting her territory, causing her brood to leave or chasing the now adult kittens off. Now they'll need to establish their own territories and begin the cycle all over again. Domestic kittens may seek their own private space, but since food is readily available, they'll display less protective territoriality instincts with each other. They'll include your house as part of their territory, but exclude neighbor cats or other animals from the property.

While they're still kittens, they'll stalk and play to develop their balance and coordination. This is the training ground for learning predation and the basic survival techniques that has perpetuated the presence of cats for thousands of years. As cute as the play seems, this play is critical to the survival of the species.

Kittens will learn many things while they are young. For example:

  • The food they learn to eat as a kitten, either in the wild or as domestic progeny, will be the food they prefer as an adult. If you feed a variety of foods (quality kitten food, but from different sources such as chicken, beef, seafood, lamb, etc.) they'll tend to be less picky as an adult. Wild kittens fed only mice will hunt mice as their main source of food as an adult.
  • They will learn how to set boundaries in order to identify territory and private space. Kittens raised in closed places such as a cage will not be able to do this as an adult and will appear fearful; unable to establish or identify where the lines of boundary are. Either theirs or anyone else's. Their personal space will be very small, again making her very fearful, easily threatened and she'll hide or go into defensive postures easily.
  • As already mentioned, play activities of stalking, wrestling, biting and chasing are all directly related to the development of predation techniques. In the wild, the success of an individual cat depends upon how well she learned these tactics, especially the aggressiveness in the application of these methods, when she was a kitten. The Queen plays an important role when she brings home live prey to teach the kittens how to kill and eat prey. The kittens may at first play with the prey, but soon they'll learn what they're supposed to do and associate the prey with food for sustenance. Domestic kittens, other than barn cats or other kittens who may receive this 'on the job training' come to expect their food to magically appear in a dish from you. Although they'll retain the instinct to apply the predation methods of 'stalk, chase, kill and eat', they may not refine them. Consequently, they may stalk and not catch, catch and not kill, and/or kill and not eat any prey that catches their attention. And since domestic cats develop a kitten/Queen identification with their human counterpart, you might find yourself the recipient of a special gift from them in the form of a field mouse, lizard or squirrel.
  • Handling kittens born into your home will socialize them with people and other pets in your house. Most Queens will let you pick up her kittens right away. Just don't worry her by walking away with them. Any young children should not handle kittens without adult supervision to prevent injury to the kitten or the child. Stroking, petting, grooming and medicating kittens will acclimate them so that they're tolerant of these things as adults. The presence of dogs, birds, gerbils, fish or other pets in a kittens youth experience will teach them to be un-fearful of other animals (and not think of them as food) when they become adults. Of course, as with all things of this world, the theory is not fool-proof, but, generally true. Careful observation and intervention in a kitten's activities is always useful, with the emphasis on 'careful'.
  • Punishment is not an option for training a kitten. Cats don't understand punishment and only associate it with the punisher, not the 'bad' act. They'll learn to fear you, and continue any 'bad' behavior. Training is best accomplished when the cat or kitten has an unpleasant experience associated with any particular behavior. For example, placing sticky tape over the end of a couch where the kitten is scratching will be an unpleasant experience and the instinct is easily transferred to a scratch post placed nearby. She'll remember this the rest of her life. If you punish or yell at her, she'll remember this too, and continue to scratch where she's not supposed to. Then hide from you when you come into the room.

Rabbit Vs Hare

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Leporids: Rabbits and Hares

Leporids - better known as rabbits and hares, are mammalian species which are found across the world except in Antarctica and Oceania. There exist somewhere around 50 species in this family of kingdom Animalia, which are categorized into several taxonomic groups. Of these taxonomic groups, only the members belonging to genus Lepus are referred to as hares, while the members of the remaining taxonomic groups are referred to as rabbits. Both rabbits and hares together with pikas make up the order Lagomorpha of kingdom Animalia.

Rabbit Vs Hare

There exist several similarities between the two animals, and all the confusion between the two are attributed to these very similarities. However, everything that meets the eye is not true in this case, and that's what you need to understand if you are to differentiate between them. As similar as they may seem to be, there exist quite a few differences between rabbit and hare - most of which revolve around their physique, lifestyle and dietary habits. Given below are 10 points of distinction that will help you differentiate a rabbit from a hare henceforth.
  • The foremost point of distinction when it comes to rabbit vs hare comparison is that of the general appearance of the two, wherein the hare is not just larger than the rabbit, but also sports larger ears and black markings on its fur.
  • As in case of ears, hares have larger and stronger hind legs as compared to the rabbits, and hence, they are lot faster between the two. In fact, the European brown hare can clock an amazing speed of 45 mph with amazing ease.
  • Even though molting is common to both the species, the fur coat in rabbits remains of the same color all year-round, while the same in hare species - such as the snowshoe hare, is known to change from grayish-brown in summer season to white in winter.
  • While all the species of rabbits - with the exception of cottontail rabbits - such as the Eastern cottontail, live in burrows in ground, hares live in flattened nests of grass - which are referred to as forms, on the ground.
  • As hares stay in nests on ground, they rely on speed and camouflage when it comes to defense. Even though rabbits are not as fast as hares, the fact that they stay in burrows, and seldom venture far from their homes, helps them dodge predators with ease.
  • The young ones of rabbits - known as kittens, are born blind and don't have any fur on their body, while the young ones of hares - known as leverets, can see and run right from the day they are born.
  • Rabbits are social animals who prefer to live in colonies, while hares - who most often lead a solitary life, are only seen in pairs during the mating season.
  • The fight for dominance is not at all rare in rabbit males, wherein the most dominant of the male mates with all the females in the colony. However, no such behavior is seen when it comes to hares.
  • When it comes to dietary habits, rabbits are known to prefer tender foods such as grass and vegetables (in captivity), unlike hares who would eat anything right from plants and shoots to tree bark.
  • While the trend of keeping rabbits as pets has become quite popular owing to their docile nature, hares are wild animals who are not known to do well in captivity.

Mountain Gorilla Facts

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Facts About Mountain Gorillas
  • These gorillas like living in colder regions, which is why they have a denser coat of fur as compared to other species of gorillas in the world.
  • Each gorilla is identified according to its nose, because each has a unique shape and pattern to its nose.
  • These animals have big dark brown eyes with black rings around the eye's iris.
  • As these gorillas age, the males develop a gray layer or saddle of fur on their middle back, which is why these gorillas are also called the Silver Backs.
  • The senior as well as the most fertile and strongest silver back male member of the clan, is unanimously treated as the leader. All activities of the clan are centered around the leader, so as to pay their respects and affection. Which is why 2-3 fertile females are usually bonded for life to the clan leader, from whom the leader bears about 6-8 offspring over his entire life span.
  • The adult gorillas, especially the males, have prominent conical crest shaped skulls, while the females have it too, however the crests are much smaller in size. This crests attach itself to the jaw muscles, which is required for feeding on strong barks and roots.
  • On an average, a fully grown gorilla will reach a height of about 6 ft. if it stands on its hind legs.
  • The genetic structuring of gorillas is very similar to that of humans, except a few differences which gives us our distinct appearance.
  • Even though these animals stay on land most of the times, they are adept tree climbers and do venture climbing tress if the tree is fruit bearing and the tree's bark is strong enough to withstand the animal's weight. In order to test the strength of the bark, the gorillas usually tug at the trunk to find out how shaky the tree actually is.
  • The mountain gorilla, like all other gorillas has arms which are longer than its legs. However it differs from other species of gorillas, because of its ability to walk while using its knuckles, while other species use their palms.
  • This species of gorilla is also diurnal, which means that the animal is active only between 6:00 am to 6:00 pm in the evening, after which they go off to sleep. They wake up as soon as the sun rises, after which they begin feeding on vegetation, fruits and insects. They rest during mid day and then feed again during afternoon, and laze around until evening, after which they sleep. During the evenings the mother's can be seen grooming the young ones and clearing their fur off from lice, fleas and muck which they may have collected while playing.
  • They make fresh beds of leaf every evening in order to sleep.
Facts About Habitat & Food Habits of Mountain Gorillas
  • Mountain gorillas live within the forests of the inactive Virunga volcanoes, which has a very dense vegetation near and around its base. While the vegetation reduces substantially as you go up in altitude.
  • These gorillas are predominantly herbivorous in their dietary habits, except for the exceptional insects once in a while. They like feeding on tree barks, roots, fruits and sometimes flowers if they are especially delicious.
  • They spend most of their time feeding on gallium vines, as these are available all year long. All parts of the vine are eaten, which includes the stem, the leaves, fruits and even its flowers.
  • They eat bamboo during the few seasons when the fresh shoots crop out. This is a special delicacy, and is a rare treat which they thoroughly enjoy hogging on.
Information About Reproductive Habits of Mountain Gorillas
  • Female gorillas become mature enough to ovulate by the time they are 7-8 years old. While the males take longer and are capable of sexual activity only once they reach 15 years of age. All black back males are considered immature for any sexual interaction until they develop the silver saddle on their back.
  • It's the females who initiate sexual courtship and not the males. Which helps establish as to when exactly the female is ready. They will usually give birth to their first offspring by the time they are about 10-12 years old.
  • The menstrual cycle lasts for 28 days, out of which 1-3 days are fertile days.
  • A huge advantage female gorillas have is that their natural ovulation cycle stops temporarily for about 3-5 years after delivery, which allows the mother to focus completely on her newborn, without having to worry about further pregnancies.
  • Their gestation period last for about 8 ½ months.
  • A newborn offspring will ideally weight about 1.8 kg or 4.0 lb at the time of birth.
  • The mother gorilla can be seen, continuously holding the baby in her arms during the first 2 months. After which the baby usually sticks on to its mother's back and rides atop her back where ever she goes.
  • Only the baby can share its mother's nest or sleeping patch. Only in case if the mother dies, or gets killed by poachers, are the baby gorillas taken over by the silver back male leader, who looks after them, plays with them and sometimes allows them to sleep with him in his nest.
  • The baby gorillas will remain with the mothers for several years until they turn 11 years old. After which they leave the pack so as to create their own.
Behavioral Traits of Mountain Gorillas
  • When a silver back dies or gets killed, the entire pack falls into chaos, and is left without a leader unless, there is a mature male descendant left behind by the leader. If not, another male from outside the pack comes and takes over the leadership of the entire group. In such cases, the new male will kill all the offspring of the previous silver back. This form of infanticide is supposed to help the male, take control over all the fertile females within the pack who will be required to mate with the new leader so that its lineage grows.
  • Mountain gorillas are not aggressive in nature, however sometimes two male silver backs may engage in a fight unto death, so as to protect their family group. In which case they make quick and loud hooting sounds, hit their chest with cupped hands, kick in the air with one leg, stand on their hind legs, tear vegetation, run sideways on all their four limbs, or two, or perform symbolic gestures of feeding.
  • They communicate through vocalization or specific call signs, which explain the emotion being expressed.
  • They are a extremely social group and can be seen interacting the entire day with each other, when they are not resting.
  • These giants are afraid of all reptiles and cannot stand being near lizards and caterpillars.

Mako Shark Facts

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Mako Shark Facts and Information

Mako Shark Types
Mako shark is of two types - one has short fins called shortfin mako shark (scientific name Isurus oxyrinchus) and the other having long fins known as longfin mako shark, (scientific name I. paucus). You can differentiate a longfin mako from the shortfin one by its extra large eyes and longer pectoral fins. Other than these, they nearly look similar to each other.

What is in a Name?
The term 'mako' means shark or shark tooth in Māori language. However, the credit for scientifically naming shortfin mako shark goes to Constantine Rafinesque, a polymath who keyed out this shark species for the first time in 1809. The genus name of the shortfin mako refers to the same tail, while pointed snout is the meaning for the species name.

Mako Shark Distribution
Mako shark facts about ability to survive is mentioned already. It is identified from both temperate and tropical waters of the world. However, the longfin mako shark is mostly found in warm water at some distance away from the shore. Grouped under endothermic sharks (which absorb heat from their surrounding), the mako shark cannot tolerate extreme cold waters.

Mako Shark Description
The key features of mako shark are big black eyes, bluntly pointed snout, prominent caudal keel and high aspect ratio. It is white colored on the ventral side, while its dorsal portion is vibrant blue. The lower section of the mouth and its surrounding areas are white in color. A young mako shark has a blackish spot in the tip of the blunt snout, which disappears after attaining maturity.

Mako Shark Size
On an average, mako shark measures about 1.8 - 3.2 m and weighs approximately 400 kg or lesser. There is no clear sexual dimorphism in the growth rate of mako shark. Both male and female sharks have the same length, but the female is robust and weighs more than the male. The larger the shark, the darker is its color. In other words, the white portion of a smaller mako shark is more than that of the bigger one.

Mako Shark Diet
Besides its ability to survive in a wide range of water parameters, the mako shark is remarkable for its diet. It devours any kind of fish that comes on its way at the time of hunting. Thus, food shortage is not a prime concern for this small sized shark. The bulk of the mako shark diet comes from bony fish, cephalopods, other sharks, seabird and several other fish.

Mako Shark Swims Fast
Indeed the mako shark is a master in swimming. On an average, it covers a distance of 31 mph (miles per hour). Nonetheless, a mako shark searching for food or running after a prey can swim to more than 45 mph. This high speed is partly due to the endothermic system. Upon studies, it is found that the body temperature of mako shark is about 7 °F more than its dwelling environment.

Mako Shark Behavior
Mako shark is represented as a highly aggressive species. Till date there is no evidence that proves this shark as a man eating predator. But, it does attack swimmers and divers in many incidences considering them as a threat. This aggressive nature is partly responsible for hunting mako sharks, which contribute to their population decline.

Mako Shark Reproduction
The mako shark is ovoviviparous, and the adult female gives birth to young ones (4 - 18) directly. Over here, the unborn does not depend on the mother for nutrition, but is fed by the egg yolk. Gestation period lasts for 15 - 18 months. At birth, the young mako sharks measure about 28 inch in length. After resting for 1 ½ years, the female is ready to copulate again.
Quick Mako Shark Facts for Kids
  • If you get a chance to see mako shark pictures, you will notice the slender and elongated teeth of this shark, even when it closes its mouth.
  • The tips of the teeth are smooth-edged but they are distinctly curved, which is an adaptation to catch hold of its prey.
  • As compared to all other shark species, the mako shark holds the record for the fastest swimmer. It swims fast while migrating or hunting.
  • The mako shark is often found jumping out of water to about 9 m high in the air, and the reason behind this behavior is still not known.
  • Seeing the small size (as compared to other shark species), most swimmers consider this shark a harmless creature, which is doubtful in the real sense.
  • One of the shortfin mako shark facts is, it requires daily food of about 3 percent of its body weight. But, it digestion process is relatively slow.
  • At the time of hunting, mako shark swims below its prey, so that it can attack the caudal peduncle of the fish and make it immobile.
  • The actual lifespan of mako shark is not documented, but it is believed to live for 11 - 23 years. And the female population have a longer lifespan than the male counterparts.

Types of Hound Dogs

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Types of Sighthound Dogs
The sighthound dogs are also called as gazehounds. These dogs rely on their sight and speed to hunt down prey. They are very useful in flat, barren landscapes. These dogs were developed in North Africa over 5000 years ago to track down animals in the desert landscapes. The sight hounds tend to use their speed and agility to pursue a prey. They have keen eye sight and can easily detect the slightest of movement. These hounds capture preys such as deers, hare and other fast prey.

Sighthounds have very flexible back and their legs are very long that allow them to take a long stride. These dogs have a deep chest with a large heart and efficient lungs. This body structure helps them get the required speed to hunt down animals. The sighthound dogs have mellow personalities. They are good watchdogs and have a strong instinct to chase small animals. Today, most of them are used as race dogs, open-field coursing and hunting. They prove to be good house pets as well. However, they require a lot of physical activity to keep them active and prevent them from getting bored and destructive. The following is a list of sighthound dogs:
  • Afghan Hound
  • Azawakh
  • Basenji
  • Borzoi (Russian Wolfhound)
  • Polish Greyhound (Chart Polski)
  • Spanish Greyhound (Galgo Español)
  • Hortaya Borzaya
  • Irish Wolfhound
  • Italian Greyhound
  • Ibizan Hound
  • Magyar Agar (Hungarian Greyhound)
  • Persian Greyhound (Saluki)
  • Pharaoh Hound
  • Scottish Deerhound
  • Silken Windhound
  • Sloughi
  • Whippet
Types of Scent Hounds
Scent hounds are one of the types of hound dogs that primarily use the power of smell to hunt down prey. They are said to have one of the most sensitive noses of all dogs. The scent hounds usually have long, droopy ears with large nasal cavities. Their lips are always moist as it helps them capture scent better. These dogs tend to run after the prey making loud booming noise. This is useful for the hunters to keep a track of the dogs when they go out of sight. These hounds are very useful in heavily wooded areas where spotting a prey is difficult. These dogs rely on smell or scent, and therefore, can easily chase the prey. These dogs are useful in hunting raccoons and foxes.

The scent hounds are not as fast as the sighthounds. This is because they do not have to keep a track of the animals hunted by sight. They just have to follow the smell and therefore, can travel miles in pursuit of the prey. It is said, some scent hounds are able to follow a several days old scent across running water! Most of these dogs hunt in packs and will run freely till they 'treed' a game. The dogs will then announce the hunt by baying and the hunter can follow the sound and reach the spot of game.

These TYPES OF DOGS are today kept as family pets. These dogs are good with other pets as well as children. They are however, difficult to train as they easily get distracted and are very stubborn at times. They may chase small animals like cats due to their instinct to hunt. The breeds of dogs under the scent hound type are as follows:
  • Basset Hound
  • Beagle
  • Black and Tan Coonhound
  • Bloodhound
  • Dachshund
  • American Foxhound
  • English Foxhound
  • Harrier
  • Otterhound
  • Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen
  • Plott
  • Redbone Coonhound
  • Blue Tick Coonhound
  • Leopard Curs
  • Black Mouth Cur
  • Treeing Cur

Top 10 Dog Foods in USA

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List of Top 10 Dog Foods in USA

♨ EVO (Red meat)


Ingredients:
Beef, lamb, eggs, herring oil, apples,carrots, tomatoes, chicory root, alfalfa sprouts, cottage cheese, sunflower oil, buffalo, potassium chloride, natural flavors, minerals and vitamins.
Weight: Available in 6.6lbs, 13.2lbs, and 28.6lbs bags.
Price: $56 for a 28.6lbs bag.
Brand: Proctor and Gamble
Bottom Line: EVO red meat is gained from the premium quality meats, protein rich and fortified with minerals and vitamins. It is nutrient dense and an energy product. Excellent for skin and coat health.

♨ California Natural (Chicken meal)


Ingredients:
Chicken meal, peas, pea fiber, sunflower oil, potassium chloride, chicken fat, natural flavors, minerals and vitamins
Weight: Available in 5lbs, 15lbs and 30lbs bags.
Price: $22 for a 15lbs pack.
Brand: Proctor and Gamble
Bottom Line: California natural comes in with pure and simple nutrition. They are grain free, hence maximizing energy and minimize the food sensitives in dogs.

♨ CANIDAE


Ingredients:
Brown rice, rice bran, peas, millet, chicken, tomatoes, cracked barley, sunflower oil, lecithin, sage extract, cranberries, blueberries, rosemary extract, flax seed meal, chicory root, potassium chloride and vitamins (A, D, E, C and B complex).
Weight: Available in 5lbs, 15lbs and 30lbs bags.
Price: $40 for a 30lbs pack.
Brand: CANIDAE Pet Food Company
Bottom Line: Its slogan is "All Natural, High Quality Holistic Pet Food", and actually lives up to it.

♨ Orijen


Ingredients:
Chicken, turkey, lake whitefish, sweet potato, whole eggs, salmon meal, sunflower oil, alfalfa, spinach, carrots, peas, black currants, cranberries, blueberries, apples, tomatoes, rosemary extract, chondroitin sulfate, sea salt and licorice root.
Weight: Available in 5lbs, 15lbs and 30lbs bags. It also comes in a trial pack of 0.8lbs.
Price: $65 for a 30lbs bag.
Brand: Champion Pet Foods
Bottom Line: Orijen has won the "Pet Food of the Year 2009 - 2010". The catch phrase of this product being the way dogs are supposed to eat.

♨ Natural Balance (Reduced calorie formula)


Ingredients:
Chicken, salmon, chicken liver, brown rice, carrots, potatoes, duck, lamb, oat bran, tomato pomace, chicken meal, potatoes, calcium carbonate, parsley, cranberries, carrageenan, yucca schidigera extract, vitamin E supplement, vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin A supplement, vitamin B12 supplement and vitamin D3 supplement.
Weight: Available in 5lbs, 15lbs and 28lbs packs.
Price: $30 for a 15lbs bag.
Brand: Natural Balance Pet Foods
Bottom Line: Natural balance is a very good choice for your dog's overall nutritional requirements. It is the prefect formula for overweight dogs.

♨ Wellness (Original formula)


Ingredients:
Chicken, oatmeal, canola oil, ground barley, salmon meal, tomatoes, carrots, spinach, apples, sweet potatoes, rye, blueberries, flax seed and minerals (zinc, iron, copper and potassium chloride).
Weight: Available in 4lbs, 12lbs and 26lbs bags.
Price: $55 for a 26lbs pack.
Brand: Old Mother Hubbard Company
Bottom Line: This formula is a protein rich one and grain free, without excess calories or minerals.

♨ Merrick


Ingredients:
Oatmeal, chicken, turkey, flax seed, whole brown rice, barley, dried carrots, dried peas, dried apples, calcium carbonate, sea salt, blueberries, cranberries and vitamins (E and C).
Weight: Available in 5lbs, 15lbs and 30lbs bags.
Price: $50 for a 30lbs pack.
Brand: Merrick Pet Foods, Inc.
Bottom Line: Merrick's trademark phrase being simple, nutritious and healthy products", and they totally live up to it and are truly holistic foods for the price.

♨ NOW! (Adult dog formula)


Ingredients:
Turkey, potato, pea, apple, whole dried egg, pea fiber, tomato, potato, flax seed, canola oil , Vitamin E , natural flavor, salmon, sun dried alfalfa, carrots, pumpkin, bananas, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, blackberries, papaya, pineapple, grapefruit, lentil beans, broccoli, spinach, cottage cheese, alfalfa sprouts, dried kelp, flax seed, vitamins and minerals.
Weight: Available in 1lbs, 6lbs and 25lbs bags
Price: $20 for a 6lbs pack.
Brand: Petcurean Pet Nutrition
Bottom Line: NOW! Is a grain free pet food, strengthened with fresh fruits and vegetables, to add to its rich in quality meats.

♨ Solid Gold (Beef and barley formula)


Ingredients:
Beef, pearled barley, brown rice, millet, rice bran, canola oil, fish meal, tomato pomace, flax seed, natural flavor, taurine, dried chicory root, parsley flakes, pumpkin, almond oil, sesame oil, blueberries, cranberries, carrots, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B12 and vitamin D.
Weight: Available in 4lbs, 15lbs and 33lbs packs.
Price: $55 for a 33lbs pack.
Brand: Solid Gold Health Products for Pets, Inc.
Bottom Line: Produced by America's leading company in holistic pet nutrition. It is the perfect dog food for moderately active adult dogs.

Most Aggressive Animals

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Most Aggressive Animals
L2F2S

Aggression in Animal Species

In animals, aggressive behavior can be attributed to several provocative factors, and offensive reaction to intruders, maternal instincts of protection and sexual competition are just few of these provocative factors. Sometimes you get to see two members of a particular species take on each other (combativeness), and sometimes you get to see one species take on another (predation). Irrespective of which of the two cases you refer to, any physical behavior by the species involved which is intended to cause pain or harm to the other qualifies as aggression. One of the best examples of combative aggression in animals is wherein two bighorn sheep rams take on each other during the mating season. On the other hand, one of the best examples of predatory aggression is a cheetah hunting an antelope for food.

Top 10 Most Aggressive Animals in the World

So how do you determine which are the most dangerous or aggressive animals in the world? There being no specific measure to determine how aggressive an animal is, determining which animal is the most aggressive becomes a bit difficult. Many people believe that the number of fatalities attributed to a particular species is an apt attribute of its aggressive behavior - which is not necessarily so. While the great white shark is an aggressive fish, it will not be responsible for the number of human deaths as people don't come in direct contact with it. Now that is one important fact which you need to take into consideration when you try to compile a list of the most dangerous animals on the planet. Given below is a list of top ten most aggressive animal species on the planet.


Rank Animal Description
10 AFRICAN ELEPHANT Even though elephants are considered to be quite friendly in nature, their aggressive behavior is something that you need to watch out for, especially the male elephants - who are quite aggressive during the mating season. With their strong tusks and long trunk, the African elephants kill as many as 300 - 500 people every single year.
9 Box Jellyfish The Box jelly fish is notorious for the 15 odd tentacles that it sports - each of which has enough venom to kill 50 adult humans. That explains a significant amount of human deaths attributed to this marine creature.
8 Rhinoceros A contender for the most aggressive animal in Africa, the rhino is widely known for its unpredictable behavior. Even though it seems to be a lazy animal, it can clock up speeds of 30mph when charging at the intruder.
7 Hippopotamus Even though a hippopotamus looks quite lazy, it is known as one of the most aggressive animals on the planet - especially when it comes to protection of its young ones. More importantly it is quite fearless in nature, and won't hesitate to take on anyone that comes in its way.
6 Cape Buffalo Weighing 1.5 tonnes, the Cape buffalo is feared by lions and humans alike. It is one of those animals which doesn't like to see intruders in its territory and if it sights you it will seldom think twice before charging at you. The number of humans killed by Cape buffalo has a major chunk in the total number of animal attack deaths in Africa.
5 Polar Bear You may not hear many cases of polar bear attacks on humans, but that is not because they are docile but because their habitat is far-off from human inhabited regions. In the true sense, these bears are quite aggressive in nature and that explains why they are found at the top level of the Tundra food chain.
4 Great White Shark No other marine species can match the great white shark when it comes to ferociousness. Even though they don't come in direct contact with humans, the great white shark - with its huge jaw and sharp teeth, is considered to be one of the most aggressive animals you will ever come across.
3 Saltwater Crocodile The saltwater crocodile is not just threatening for humans, but for several other animals with which it shares its habitat in the wild. With its enormous strength, this crocodile can take on an animal as large as the water buffalo with great ease.
2 Western Diamondback Rattlesnake If you happen to stay in Mexico or USA, you don't need an introduction to the rattlesnake or its aggression. It is responsible for a major chunk of snakebite deaths in these two nations every year.
1 Black Mamba Other than its amazing speed, a black mamba is also known for the copious amount of venom that it injects in its prey. Both the qualities make it the most aggressive snake, and put it at the numero uno position in our list of aggressive animals.

Classification of Animals

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Animal Classification

When we say classification of animals, we can basically divide them into main groups - vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates are those animals which have a backbone, while invertebrates are those which don't have a backbone. In all there are more than 800,000 animal species in the Kingdom Animalia and most of them are included in the phylum of Arthropod i.e. invertebrates. Usually, people don't think of earthworm or jellyfish as animals, but actually they are, thereby making the animal kingdom classification so huge. Each living organism is classified into Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species. There are basically five kingdoms of which animalia is one and the others being Plantae, which includes plants, Protista, comprising of single celled organisms which are invisible to the human eye, Fungi, which includes yeasts, molds, mushrooms, etc. and Monera, which includes three types of Bacteria.

The next classification by which animals are known is the phylum or phyla. There are different phyla in each kingdom and it is in phyla where animals are broken down into recognizable groups. Chordata is the most well known phyla, as it includes all animals which has a backbone, which includes all birds, fishes, mammals, amphibians, insects, snails, etc.

After phyla comes the class which is broken down into still smaller groups of animals such as Mammalia (mammals), Amphibia (amphibians), Reptilia (reptiles), Aves (birds).

Next comes the order and every class is made up of several orders. For example, mammalia is broken into Chiroptera (bats), Carnivora (cats, dogs), Proboscidea (elephants), etc. These Orders are further divided into Families, so if we take the Order Carnivora, it is divided into Ursidae (bears), Felidae (cats), Canidae (dogs), etc. The category which follows include the Genus which divides the members of the Family further into different categories. For example, the Felidae family can be further broken down into Panthera (lion, tiger), Felis (domestic cats), Neofelis (clouded leopard), etc. And finally comes the species and if we take the same example as above, Panthera is further divided into Leo (the Lion), tigris (tigers), etc.

Classification of Animals for Kids

When you teach kids of classification of animals, it may not be possible to explain them all in one go. So while explaining them, you can use the bottom up instead of the top down approach, starting from the species and ending with the Kingdom. For examples, you can ask them what is the similarities between cats, dogs, dolphins, whales and humans? The answer to that is milk. All these animals feed their young milk when they are born. Moreover they have hairs on their body and are warm blooded animals meaning they can adapt to different rage of temperatures. You can use similar examples while teaching kids about animal classification.

Classification of Animals Chart

Making a chart of animal kingdom is not that tough as it may seem. The only thing you should know are the animal classification and then prepare a chart. While making a chart, you can break the animal kingdom into two parts, vertebrates (those which have bones) and invertebrates (those which don't have bones). Once you have done that, you can classify them into sub categories like mammals, birds, amphibians, fishes and reptiles for vertebrates and list the common characteristics of these categories. Invertebrates include porifera (like sponge), starfish, mollusks, arthropods, etc. Now you can further divide animals with backbones into cold blooded reptiles like snakes, frogs, etc., warm blooded animals like whales, dolphins, etc., winged animals like birds, animals which have gills such as fishes and animals which have lungs as well as gills like frogs.

Dog Food Ratings - Top 10 Best Dog Foods

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Dog Food Ratings: 10 Best Dog Food

Orijen: If there is a list of the 10 best dry dog foods, then Origen would certainly feature on it. This premium dry food is recognized by experts and pet owners, as a very high grade dry dog food. Containing 70 percent meat and 30 percent fruit and vegetables, this dog food has fresh and natural ingredients, that keep your dog in top shape. One of its key advantages, is that it contains no grains at all, relying instead on potatoes for carbohydrates. This eliminates the problem of grain intolerances in dogs.

Innova: Priced around $1.32 per pound, Innova has whole ingredients, with the three main proteins, right at the top of the list. Containing meat, fish and vegetables, this product ensures that all dietary needs of your dog are met. It is rich in vitamins, chelated minerals, omega three and omega six fatty acids. It also contains probiotics.

Merrick Dog Food: Regarded as one of the best quality dog food brands available commercially, Merrick dog food uses the best quality dog food ingredients and is a human grade dog food. It is hormone and antibiotic free and contain no artificial chemical preservatives, additives or even by-products.

Canidae: Offering a diet of complete amino acids, containing four major proteins and whole ingredients, Canidae is a canned dog food. Although they have more grains than other premium dog foods, it is more than compensated by the human grade meat and the absence of cheap fillers. Priced on the higher side, this canned food can be fed as a sole food or can even mixed with other dry dog food.

Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover's Soul This is a dry dog food, which though less expensive than the other supermarket brands, contains top quality ingredients like chicken, turkey, chicken meal, turkey meal, whole-grain brown rice and whole-grain white rice.

Nutro: Containing top dog food brands like 'Natural Choice Complete' and 'Ultra Dog', Nutro uses all-natural ingredients and has vitamin E. The absence of any synthetic preservatives and cheap fillers in this food, makes it an ideal choice for dogs with sensitive stomachs.

Wellness Dog Food: The popular product, Wellness Super5Mix, contains three main proteins, right at the top of the ingredient list. They use filtered water in the production of this food and probiotics are also added afterwards. With a promise that all lamb is hormone free, this dog food should really be higher up on the list.

Wysong Maintenance: Priced at around $1.00 per pound, this is a brand best suited for dogs with meat allergies, as it contains very little meat compared to other brands.

California Natural Dog Food: This is a hypoallergenic dog food, beneficial for dogs with skin allergies and hyper food sensitivities. Priced at $0.92 per pound, this product contains only one protein, one fat and one carbohydrate source, and is free of gluten, wheat, corn and soy.

Dick Van Patten Natural Balance Dog Food: Raw and organic formulas provide 'Natural Balance' with specialized products made from high-quality ingredients.

Types of Small Fluffy Dogs

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Small Fluffy Dogs

Here are the top 6 types of small fluffy dogs, not judged by popularity or size, but by their "fluffiness".

Bichon Bolognese
White and fluffy, like a snowball with a tail, is the best description the Bolognese. Their country of origin is Italy and they are a rare breed, outside Europe. Its very friendly and loving nature, with a docile attitude, make it an ideal companion and family pet. Contrary to it belonging to the small dog group, it is not yappy or aggressive and less active. The Bolognese hates to be left alone and bonds well with its owner.
Height : 9 - 13 inches; Weight : 4.5 - 9 pounds; Color : Pure white, off-white, champagne.

Pomeranian
Aptly nicknamed Pom Pom, this breed of small fluffy dogs has a history of being a royal pet, and is one of the most popular breeds in the United States. Don't be fooled by its tiny stature. The Pomeranian is a powerhouse of energy, intelligence and attitude. It loves to be the center of attention and is very lively. But it can get yappy and aggressive, especially with strangers, and needs a firm but loving hand.
Height : 7 - 12 inches; Weight : 3 - 7 pounds; Color : Red, white, blue, black, black and tan, sable, brindle, parti-color (white with colored markings)

Coton de Tulear
One of the rarer small fluffy dog breeds, The Coton de Tulear is named after the French word for cotton and the city of Tulear. Alert and intelligent, it makes an excellent alarm dog. It has an entertainer's gift with crowds, pulling stunts and tricks, especially walking on its hind legs. Their easygoing nature and playful spirit, make them good playmates for children and other pets.
Height : 9 - 13 inches; Weight : 8 - 13 pounds; Color : White, black-and-white, tri-color

Bichon Frise
The powderpuff model of small fluffy dogs. The Bichon Frise is similar in build and coloring to the Bolognese. This dog is a very social animal, humans and animals alike. It sparkles, when given attention, and is very lively in company. They are also active, with short bursts of energy, called the Bichon Blitz period.
Height : 9 - 12 inches; Weight : 7 - 12 pounds; Color : Solid white, cream, gray or apricot

Cairn Terrier
Bold and fearless. Full of spunk and fire. These words are just the tip of the iceberg, when it comes to describing the hardy temperament of the Cairn Terrier. A little guy with a lot of big guy attitude, this breed has a distinctive fox-like appearance. They are natural chasers and defensive of their homes. They have a social nature, and are well behaved around strangers and other dogs, but are not so fond of cats. This breed is highly intelligent and curious, and learn anything, if properly trained.
Height : 9 - 11 inches; Weight : 12 - 14 pounds; Color : Red, brindle, sand, shades of gray

Papillon
With its fringed ears, mixed coloring and delicate and small size, the Papillon is correctly named for its butterfly-like look. This breed is one of the oldest toy spaniels. They are happy and friendly dogs, who live to meet, greet and socialize. They love cuddling and kissing and are obedient. Papillons love a good romp or activity, and are good at jumping.
Height : 8 - 12 inches; Weight : 8 - 10 pounds; Color : White with patches of any color and a white blaze and noseband.

List of Small Fluffy Dogs
  • Affenpinscher
  • American Eskimo
  • Australian Terrier
  • Brussels Griffon
  • Dandie Dinmont Terrier
  • Havanese
  • Japanese Spitz
  • Japanese Chin
  • Lhasa Apso
  • Lowchen
  • Maltese
  • Norfolk Terrier
  • Norwich Terrier
  • Poodle
  • Shih Tzu
  • West Highland White Terrier
  • Yorkshire Terrier

Types of Poisonous Snakes

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Types of Poisonous Snakes

 What Are the Different Types of Venomous Snakes

Basically, on land there are four known families of venomous snakes - Elapidae, Viperidae, Colubridae, and Atractaspididae. And Hydrophiidae is the family of venomous snakes found in water.


Elapidae (Elapids)

This family encompasses some of the most notoriously venomous snakes known to man. These creatures are characterized by their short, front fangs that remain in a fixed position. They have slender bodies, and there is hardly any distinction between the head and the neck. These crawlers populate the tropical and subtropical regions of the word. Their fangs are hollow, and able to inject venom in their potential preys or in defense against predators. The nature of the venom is what makes these TYPES OF SNAKES the most venomous. The venom is neurotoxic, and directly attacks the nervous system once inside the body. Common examples may include:

  • Indian cobra
  • Kraits
  • Inland taipan
  • Spitting cobra
  • The North American coral snake
  • Australian copperheads
  • King cobras
Viperidae (Viperids)
Next in the list of the different types of poisonous snakes in the world is the family known as Viperidae. These snakes are also equipped with front hollow fangs that inject venom that contains what is known as proteases. These are protein-degrading enzymes that cause gruelingly painful symptoms, but are not necessarily fatal. The fangs, unlike those of the Elapids, can be folded back against the roof of the mouth when not in use. Except in Antarctica and Australia, these snakes can be found in all other places on Earth. Examples may include:
  • Copperheads
  • Rattlesnakes
  • Pit vipers
  • Bushmaster
  • Fer-de-lance
  • Russell’s viper
  • Fea's viper
  • Saw-scaled viper
  • Temple viper
  • Death adder
  • Gaboon viper
  • Rhinoceros vipers
Colubridae (colubrids)
Snakes that are classified under this category can be venomous and non-venomous too. Also, their venom is considered less potent to the one of elapids and viperids. Despite this, their bite needs immediate medical attention. Except Antarctica, all other continents are populated with these types of snakes. The fangs of these snakes are elongated and grooved, and located in the back of the upper jaw. Common members of this family are:
  • African twig snake
  • The boomslang
  • Racers
  • The hognose snake
  • Queen snake
  • Buff-striped keelback
  • The common keelback
  • King snake
  • Brown vine snake
  • Barnes' cat snake
Atractaspididae
Africa and Middle East are the places where these species of venomous snakes are found. This family is however, surrounded with controversies, and does not have a properly defined place. This is because, many snakes in this group were earlier a member of different families. The venom secreted by these snakes are too weak to cause severe harm, but in some cases, it does. Some examples of this group include:
  • Glossy snakes
  • Jan's snake
  • Snake eaters
  • Quill-snouted snakes
Hydrophiidae
Hydrophiidae was regarded as a separate family of sea snakes at one time. However, more in-depth study about these creatures revealed their close resemblance with those which are classified in the family of elapids. And so sea snakes are regarded as venomous elapid snakes that inhabit the marine ecosystem. It has been reported that the venom of these snakes can be more potent than those found on land. Neurotoxins and mytotoxins both, are the components of their venom. Examples are:
  • Turtlehead sea snakes
  • Beaked sea snakes
  • Jerdon's sea snake
  • Sea kraits
  • Yellow bellied sea snake
  • Hediger's snake